Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders can cause pain, stiffness, and difficulty with chewing, speaking, or opening the mouth. Many patients respond well to non-surgical treatments such as medication, physical therapy, or oral appliances. However, for some, these treatments are insufficient, and surgery may be recommended. Understanding the different types of TMJ surgeries, their indications, and recovery expectations helps patients make informed decisions.
What Is Arthrocentesis?
Arthrocentesis is the least invasive TMJ surgery. It involves inserting small needles into the joint to flush out fluid, which reduces inflammation and relieves pressure. This procedure can also loosen adhesions or tissue that restricts jaw movement. Sometimes, medications or joint lubricants are injected to support healing.
- Recovery: Patients usually go home the same day. Pain and jaw stiffness often improve within a few days, and most people resume normal activities quickly.
What Is Arthroscopy?
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgery performed through a small incision near the joint. A thin tube with a light and camera allows the surgeon to view the joint and perform corrective procedures, such as removing scar tissue, repositioning the disc, or reshaping bone.
- Recovery: Arthroscopy is more involved than arthrocentesis but less invasive than open-joint surgery. Most patients experience a moderate recovery period and can return to normal activities sooner than those who undergo open procedures.
What Is Open-Joint Surgery?
Open-joint surgery, or arthrotomy, is used for more severe TMJ disorders. A larger incision provides direct access to the joint, allowing surgeons to repair or remove damaged tissue, reposition or replace the disc, or reshape bone.
- Indications: Recommended for severe deformities, advanced arthritis, joint fusion, or structural damage.
- Recovery: Healing takes longer than minimally invasive procedures, often involves more swelling, and sometimes requires hospitalization. Patients typically follow a soft diet and participate in physical therapy.
What Is TMJ Joint Replacement?
TMJ joint replacement is reserved for joints that are irreparably damaged. Surgeons remove the diseased portions of the joint and replace them with prosthetic components.
- Indications: Severe arthritis, trauma, congenital deformities, or failure of other TMJ surgeries.
- Recovery: The recovery process is longer and more intensive than other TMJ procedures. However, joint replacement can significantly restore function and relieve chronic pain.
How Do Surgeons Decide Which Surgery to Use?
The type of surgery depends on several factors:
- Severity and progression of the TMJ disorder.
- Imaging results, such as MRI or CT scans.
- Response to non-surgical treatments.
Surgeons aim to select the least invasive procedure that provides meaningful improvement in pain and jaw function.
South Jersey Oral Surgeons at Lanzi Burke Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons Will Help
Persistent jaw pain and restricted movement can affect every aspect of daily life. When non-surgical treatments fail, surgery may be necessary. Our South Jersey oral surgeons at Lanzi Burke Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons provide comprehensive evaluations and customized treatment plans to help patients achieve lasting relief. Call 856-582-4222 or fill out our online form to schedule an initial consultation. We have offices in Washington Township, Haddonfield, and Woolwich Township, New Jersey.